Internal-combustion oil engine



K. l. cossLEYfANn w. LE P. WEBB.

lNTERNAL coMBusTlqN 'OIL ENGINE.

@AFPLIGAUN FILED ]*ULYZL i920. V Patented July S, E922.

fus-bom "y iaeaose.

UNITED STATES KENNETH mwrNjcnossLEY AND WILFRED LE :PLAsTmEn WEBB,

F MANCHESTER.

ENGLAND.

INTERNAICOMBUSTION OIL Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented July 18.1922.

' Application led July 27, 1920. Serial No. 399,396.

(GRANTED mman Trm'raovrsIoNs or THE AcT or Menon s, 1921, 41 STAT. L.,131s.)

To all whom it may concern: Y v

Be it known that we, KENNETH IRWIN CRossLnr and WILFRED LE PLAsTRmRWEBB, bothisubjects of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and bothresiding at Openshaw,

Manchester, in the county of Lancaster,

tion engines cycle and in England, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in` Internal-Combustion Oil Engines (for w-hich we haveobtained a patent in Great Britain, No. 104,089, dated `May 5th, 1916),of which the following .is a specification.

ur inventionrelates to internal combus- `of the kind -which uses oil` aSfuel and which works on the four stroke i which towards the end ofcompression fstroke the oil fuel is injected as the aid of separatecompressed injection air) into the compressed and heated air inthecombustion chamber. Y

, The object of our invention is to so imthe injected o il spray mayprove the construction'and arrangement of the c ombustion chamber-as toincrease the eiiiciency of the engine and at the same time tolprovide inthe combustion chamber adisj position of the air admission valve andexparticularly suitable for anen haust valve gine of the invertedvertical type. Our invention consists in constructingthe combustionchamber in suchmanner that the air admission valve and exhaust directlyinto it, and of such convenient shape thata long, clear, divergin from.the point of spray admission in which diffuse and vaporize and mix withthe hot compressed air therein, and that in addition the area ofwallsurface is comparatively small in proportion to the contained volume. Achamber which is substantially oviform (or somewhat fiat-v tened oviformwhen .the piston is'atthe end of its compression stroke) is the best forour purpose, and such shapes areV not diiiicult to obtain with, forinstance,.low compression pressures or with small valves, but if thecompression pressure is fairly high, or'the valves large, it is somewhatmore convenient, in order to make suitablel room for the air admissionand exhaust valves, if the shape approximates `more to that of anellipsoid (or, flattened ellipsoid when the piston is at las analternative. valve open path is provided the end of the compressionstroke). The oil is sprayed into the chamber from one or both ends andin the case of the oviform `chamber preferably from the smaller end. Thechamber is arranged with its ends at the sides of the cylinder, thelongitudinal axis of the chamber bein placed at about right angles tothe axis ofgtheengine cylinder, the axes of the chamber and of thecylinder being in o r near one plane. The upper and larger portion ofthe chamber is formed by the cylinder end and is water-jacketed-whereverpossible. The lower portion is formed by the top end of the piston or aportion thereof. .The piston may be waterjacketed or not as preferred.The air admission valve and the exhaust valve are of the mushroom typeand are arranged inthe upper and waterjacketed part of the chamber -andopen directly into the chamber, and are placed with their spindleseither inclined `to each other or parallel with each other. The valvespindles lie in or about a plane either common to or perpendicular tothe plane in, which lie both the longitudinal axis of the chamber andthe axis ofthe cylinder.

If the heat due to the Compression of the air in the cylinder andcombustion chamber is suiiicient to effect ignition no separate igniteris necessary unless specially desired In the latter case or ifl the heatdue to the compression is not suilicient to effect ignition, an ignitermay be fitted at any convenient position in the combustion chamber.

With `a combustion chamber of substantially oviform or ellipsoidal shapeandl arranged as described the oil spray on entering the combustionchamber has a long free path of vincreasing area in which it maydiffuseand vaporize and mix with the compressed and heated air therein.The shape of the vchamber presentsa comparatively small area .ofcontaining wall surface in proportion-to its cubic capacity andtherefore ensures no excessive loss of heat through the walls due to theWater jacket. The effective waterjacketing of this combustion chamberen- 100 sures the engineH working with al lower mean,

temperature in the cylinder, prevents overheating troubles, enableswater injection to be dispensed with, ensures a greater weight i' ofcontained air, allows the combustion of` a greater amount of oil sprayand enables vthe power of the engine to be increased. It also enableshigher air compression pressure t0 be used, and ensures a greater degreeof economy in fuel consumption in proportion to the power developed.

The combustion chamber may be fully open to the cylinder at all times or.it may be connected to the cylinder by means of a passage of more orless restricted area, such restriction being effected either Bby thesize of an open passage or by a partial closing of a passage by means ofa projection on the end of the piston entering it towards the end of thecompression strokes. In the latter' case the eros sectional area of thepassage (when not allowing for the reduction caused by theiprojection onthe piston) may be equal to that of the combustion chamber but is lessthan the cross sectional area of the cylinder. The passage between thecombustion chamber and the cylinder isllocated at any convenientposition onV the side of the combustionchamber.

We have described in our British specification No. 297 6 of 1915 acombustion chamber of similar type with the air admission valve and theexhaust valve arranged in a manner which is particularly suitable for anengine with a horizontal cylinder, but in Y our present invention theair admission valve and the exhaust valve are arranged in a manner whichis particularly suitable to anengine in which the cylinder is of thevertical inverted type.

We have illustrated our invention by a series of more or le diagrammaticfigures in which similar parts are denoted by similar letters. Thewaterjacketed combustion chamber is shown at A, the piston at B, the

cylinder at C, and oil injector at D, the air admission and exhaustvalves at E, E, the water jacket at F F. rlhe part marked G may be usedas an inspection door or as an igniter or as a starting valve, or eitherthe air admission valve or the exhaust valve.

may be placed at about. this position if desired as shown for example inFigure 10. The water jacket is only shown in detail in Figures 1 and 2but it is to be understood.

: it would be used'in all cases.

Figures 1, 2 and 3 represent respectively sectional elevations and aplan of a combustion chamber and other parts constructed and arrangedaccording to our invention. In this case the chamber is oviformfin shapeand freely open to the cylinder at all times. The longitudinal axis ofthe combustion chamber is shown at right angles with the axis ofV thecylinder. The oil injector is shown at the smaller end of the chamber atthe side of the cylinder.- The air admission valve and the exhaust valveare shown with: their spindles diagonal with each other and lying in`the same plane as that in which lie the longitudinal axis of thechamber and the l ranged inclined to each other as represented by thedotted lines in Figure 4, or they may be parallel as shown in Figure 7,or they may be arranged as representedin Figure 5 inclined to each otherin a plane perpendicular to the common plane in which lie the axes ofthe combustion chamber and cylinder.

Figures 7 8 and 9 represent a combustion chamber of a flattenedellipsoidal shape with the air admission valve and exhaustV valvespindles arranged parallel to each other. With an ellipsoidal shape ofchamber and particularly if flattened somewhat there is more room forthe valve E shown on the left hand side in Figures 7 and 9 than there isfor the corresponding valve in the oviform shape of the chamber as willbe clearly seen by referring to Figures 9, 6 and 3 respectively.

It will readily be understood that if the combustion chamber is ofsomewhat flattened oviform or flattened ellipsoidal shape when thepiston is at the end of the compression stroke, the chamber will morenearly approximate to a substantially oviform or ellipsoidal shapesomewhat before the end of the compression stroke at about the periodwhen the oil is being sprayed in, and somewhat after the end of thecompression stroke at about the period of maximum combustiontemperatures. In Figure 7 to illustrate this we have shown the oilinjector on a centre line somewhat below the longitudinal centre line ofthe attened oviform chamber and somewhat nearer to what would be thecentre line of vthe chamber when the piston has moved down and thechamber has more nearly approached the ellipsoidal shape.

Figures 10 and 11 represent a combustion chamber which is connected tothe cylinder by a passage of restricted area. The passage may berestricted either simply by an open passage such asH, in which case theend of the piston is made as shown by the full lines, or the passage maybe restricted by the partial closing of the passage H by means of aprojection on the piston such as J (shown in Figures 10a and 11a)entering it towards the end of the compression strokes.

Having now described our invention, what we claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is 1. In four stroke cycle internal combustionoil engines, the combination comprising a cylinder, an ellipsoidalcombustion chamber having its longitudinal axis at right angles to theaxis of the said cylinder,

an oil injector at an Vend of thexisaidfchamber, Vadmission and exhaustvalves .at the upper side of the chamber and'a water jacket on theexterior of the cylinder and chamber, assetforth.

2. four stroke cycle .internal combustion'oil engines, thecombinationcompris' .acylinden an ellipsidal.combustion chami ber having itslongitudinal axis at 'right `angles to the axis of the said' cylinder,an

oil injector at an end ofthe said chamber, admission and exhaust valvesat'theupper .side of the chamber inclinedto each other in a plane'perpendicular to the lane in'l .which lie both thelongitudnal aXls ofthe chamber and the axis of the cylinder, and a water jacket'on theexteribr ofi; the cylinder be engines the combination comprising aaclin- -der, ,an ellipsoidal combustion 'chamberll 3. Inv'four strokeinternal combustion o il aving its longitudinalaxis atfri h t angles tothe axis ofthe said cylinder,"a`v isbon ill-said side of the chamberanda water jacket 'on the exterior of the cylinder and chamber, as setforth.

tion oil engines, the combination comprising a cylinder, an ellipsoidalcombustion cham` ber having its longitudinal 'axis at right angles tothe axis o f the said cylinder, a passage between the said cylinder andsaid chamber, a piston inthe cylinder havinga I projectionl whichenters'nthe said assage Whenthe piston nears the end o its in stroke, anoil injector at aufend of said cham# Y f .se 4. In four stroke cycleinternal combus@ l .40 r, admission 'and exhaust valvesnat the "upperside of the chamber and a water jacket onthev exterior of the cylinderand chamber,

Yassetforth. 'V In testimony -whereowe have signed/our 'names to thiseciication.' -KENNETH` WIN CROSSLEY.

.- WILFRED LE rialss'ljxirm4 WEBB; 5

